How to Take Over a Classroom Midyear

Why Things Fell Apart Essay - 1186 Words

In the book, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the setting of the story is the Igbo tribe in Niger, which is located in southeastern Africa. There is a strong social and economical structure with the Igbo people. The villages have a solid set of traditional beliefs that they live their lives by, without stray of that tradition. The introduction of Christianity to the tribes brought changes to the social and religious lives of the villages. The novel provides a glimpse into the changes of how the colonialist changed the traditional roles of the economic and political lives of the villages of Niger. Tradition is set so cultures have a path to follow in their creation of family and life, in Things Fall Apart, the collide of the†¦show more content†¦The crops of the different families can show the wealth of the family, as a great farmer has control of the family (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (Ed.), 2014). There is a definite divide of the roles of the Igbo tribe ’s men and women. In the novel, Chinua Achebe created a definite divide in the roles of the men, women, and children that is also true in the real life of the tribes. The men are the heads of the family, same as it is in other cultures. They are not a monogamous culture as it is in the US, as the men can have multiple wives, which makes them a polygamist society. The fathers of the potential bride and groom negotiate the arrangement of the wedding (Rank, 2014). The man makes the rules of the compound and the men of the tribe make the rules for the village to follow. The roles of family are that the different wives make meals and then serve the meals to the man of the compound. The children will also deliver the meals or other items that are to be delivered, as requested by the man of the compound. The men of the village maintain the growth of the Yam crops, as the women tend to the other crops. During the nineteenth century the children were raised with separation in mind, as the girls are tau ght to treat the man as they should with providing meals, cleaning, raising the children, and crops, then boys are raised to be the head of the house as a provider, hunter, and a great yam farmer. In the story Okonkwo’s son Nwoys was notShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe768 Words   |  4 PagesANDRADE, Maria Ana Ruth D.L. M.A. Ed. Literature Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe â€Å"I fear for you young people because you do not understand how strong is the bond of kinship. You do not know what it is to speak with one voice. And what is the result? An abominable religion has settled among you. A man can now leave his father and his brothers. He can curse the gods of his fathers and his ancestors, like a hunter’s dog that suddenly goes mad and turns on his ancestors, like a hunter’s dogRead More The Loss of a Tribes Livelihood in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1563 Words   |  7 PagesThings Fall Apart: The Loss of a Tribes Livelihood  Ã‚   In Things Fall Apart we witnessed the destruction of a traditional native culture. More specifically we witnessed the challenge and weakening of Igbo spirituality, as well as the death of the tribes livelihood. The apparent cause can be found in a seemingly good intended mission acting as a gateway for the intrusion of a foreign government, and its quest to conquer and domesticate a self-sustaining, prosperous culture. Although the IgboRead MoreIkemefunas Death1096 Words   |  5 PagesThings Fall Apart: Essay on extract from Chapter 7- Ines Martinez How does the writer create tension and convey sympathy for Ikemefuna in this extract from the novel? Introduction: In this extract from Chapter 7, which describes the death of Ikemefuna, Achebe has used a number of techniques to create tension and make the reader feel sympathy for his situation. Part One - Preparations for the journey: The day of Ikemefuna’s death, the men returned to Okonkwo’s hut showing us that it wasRead More Essay on Images of Africans in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness1264 Words   |  6 Pages Images of Africans in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darknessnbsp;nbsp; In my reading of Things Fall Apart, it has better informed me of a culture that I did not know of before, and by reading it helped correct some broad misconceptions that I previously held of the people and their cultures of Africa. Reading the novel also gave me another perspective on the effects of imperialism/colonialism by the Europeans on the Africans. I believe Achebe has succeeded in enabling the West an opportunityRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonizationRead More Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming Essay521 Words   |  3 Pages Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Second Coming nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; By William Butler Yeats nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Turning and turning in the widening gyre nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The falcon cannot hear the falconer, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Mere anarchy is loosened uponRead MoreOkonkwo As A Man Of The Igbo945 Words   |  4 Pages The social,cultural,and religious fabric of traditional Igbo life in the 1850s-1900s fell apart as European colonization began to take place. Okonkwo the protagonist is in the center of it all. Okonkwo name is well known throughout the nine villages for his great wrestling ability. Okonkwo is the pride of the igbo tribe in Nigeria this is around 1900s. Okonkwo is a very prideful man who lives in fear of not becoming the man his father was, He seems to be so caught up in being the total oppositeRead MoreHow Societies Fall1272 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever dreamt of a society without any flaws? A society where everything is perfect? Well keep dreaming because there is no such thing as a â€Å"Perfect Society† and there never will be. All societies fall, whether its from governmental corruption, Social injustice, or even economical failure. Calling something a perfect society is a difficult task, and Im not sure if anyone has ever been able to prove of their societies perfection. All societies will fail, the only difference is that notRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1299 Words   |  6 Pageslike one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart† (20.25). Things fall apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a literary novel that addresses the pre- and post-colonial life of the Igbo people living in Nigeria around the year 1900. Okonkwo, the protagonist in the story, walks the reader through the Igbo customs and way of life until westerns persuade their villagers to convert to their religion and everything falls apart. This twentieth century culture is seenRe ad MoreCan Religion and Science Coexist?1716 Words   |  7 PagesCan Religion and Science Coexist? Gabrielle Berger Is it possible for science and religion to coexist? In both The Day The Earth Stood Still and The Man Who Fell to The Earth, the idea of science versus religion is questioned. The films show that our world is rapidly changing and how society reacts to events during those specific times by questioning spiritual faith. Certain sounds that are heard throughout both movies allow us to feel the tone that each movie tries to relay. These sound effects

Cause and Effect of Corruption Free Essays

There is a growing worldwide concern over corruption at the present time. Several factors are responsible for this. A consensus has now been reached that corruption is universal. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect of Corruption or any similar topic only for you Order Now It exists in all countries, both developed and developing, in the public and private sectors, as well as in non-profit and charitable organizations. Allegations and charges of corruption now play a more central role in politics than at any other time. Governments have fallen, careers of world renowned public figures ruined, and reputations of well-respected organizations and business firms badly tarnished on account of it. The international mass media feeds on it and scandals and improper conduct, especially of those in high places. The rising trend in the use of corruption as a tool to discredit political opponents has brought scandalous and corrupt behavior to international attention. Corruption can be a major obstacle in the process of economic development and in modernizing a country. Many now feel that it should receive priority attention in a country’s development agenda. This greater recognition that corruption can have a serious adverse impact on development has been a cause for concern among developing countries. In a recent survey of 150 high level officials from 60 third world countries, the respondents ranked public sector corruption as the most severe obstacle confronting their development process. Countries in the Asia and Pacific region are also very worried about this problem and they are in substantial agreement that corruption is a major problem that is hindering their economic, political and social development, and hence view it as a problem requiring urgent attention at the highest level. Increasing public interest and concern over corruption have resulted in a large amount of scholarly research on the subject. Admittedly, there are still wide gaps in the current state of information and knowledge on the matter and much more remains to be done. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical research that has been conducted thus far has yielded fresh insights into the problem. We now have a clearer understanding of the underlying causes of corruption, its consequences, and ideas and approaches on possible measures to combat it. At the same time, a better perspective has been obtained on the reasons why corruption persists in so many countries, and why it is difficult to deal with, although people throughout he world view it with disfavor. It is a common practice in many developing countries to institute price controls and to provide essential goods and services at subsidized prices to consumers. The official price for a key food item, such as rice, is fixed by paying a low administratively set price to farmers, while gasoline, electricity and charges for public transport and other essential items a re provided at low subsidized prices. These mostly benefit city dwellers as they are the main consumers of these subsidized goods and services. The urban bias in the provision of subsidized food and other necessities stems from the political reality that city dwellers, especially the large masses at the lower end of the income scale, are more politically conscious, better organized and are easier to be instigated into civil unrest than the rural poor. It is usually discontent in the cities that ignites social and political upheavals in a country. Fixing prices at artificially low levels lead to demand exceeding supply for the subsidized goods so that the all too familiar shortages, rationing, corruption and black markets result. Several undesirable consequences follow. There is a loss of potential government revenue. For example, when those that have access to subsidized gasoline, such as government officials and car owners, sell it on the black market at several times the official price, they make large profits. These profits could be taken as revenue by the government, if there is no subsidy, no price distortion, and gasoline is valued at its true opportunity cost, that is, charged by the government at its market clearing price. Setting low farm prices on rice and other agricultural products, to provide cheap food for city dwellers, means farmers are subsidizing the people in the cities. Likewise, low prices set on gasoline and energy contributes to deficits in the government budget. Fixing low prices on rice and agricultural products, in the wake of sharp increases in the prices of other domestically produced and imported goods, turns the terms of trade against farmers. This adversely affects their incentive to produce and hinders agricultural output. Low prices set on energy result in huge losses for the government enterprises engaged in this area. Consequently, they do not have the resources to invest in new facilities, to buy spare parts or to properly maintain existing machinery, and equipment that are falling into disrepair. The outcome is frequent breakdowns, unreliable and poor service, and general inability to meet requirements in terms both of generating capacity and in the quality of energy produced. Under-pricing energy has other harmful effects. Cheap energy leads to its uneconomic and wasteful use. When energy prices are kept at a level much below cost for decades, there is little incentive for its users to adopt energy efficient technologies and methods of production. So they are not sufficiently prepared for the large price adjustment that inevitably comes when low prices are no longer sustainable due to an internal or an external shock. The result is disruption in production, more corruption as bribery will be resorted to order to avoid payment of the higher charges, and increased inflationary pressures as higher energy costs will be passed on to consumers by raising prices. Thus, price controls, subsidies and the corruption and black markets they generate, can lead to undesirable social and economic consequences. This also illustrates the point that dismantling controls, getting rid of subsidies and preventing price distortions form a key element in economic reforms and for the establishment of a properly functioning market economy. Unfortunately, corruption places severe constraints on a country’s capacity to undertake economic reforms. The rich and the powerful, the main gainers of a corrupt system, will therefore oppose reforms. The leadership in a country has a key role to play in combating corruption. It is an Asian tradition to hold leaders and those in authority in high regard and esteem. Hence the top leadership must set a good example with respect to honesty, integrity and capacity for hard work. Since fighting corruption will involve taking difficult decisions, the leadership must also display firmness, political will and commitment to carry out the required reforms. Honest and dedicated leaders are an essential, but not a sufficient, condition to counter corruption. Several other conditions are needed as well. Credibility is one of them. For success, the offenders both on the demand and supply side of a corrupt deal must be convinced that the government is serious about fighting corruption. Publicly try and punish some well-known corrupt people in the country. Some highly publicized trials and convictions of important officials and businessmen on charges of corruption have taken place in several countries. A publicity campaign to create greater awareness on the adverse effects of corruption and a clear and unmistakable official announcement on the desirability to bring it under control would be helpful. Ordinary citizens have a lot of firsthand experience with corruption, they are a good source of information and their help and cooperation should be solicited for the successful launch of an anti-corruption drive. Once people are convinced that a sincere and genuine effort to combat corruption is underway, they will respond and extend their full cooperation in resolving the problem. Just a little opening up and providing opportunities for them to express their views on the matter will bring forth an outpouring of information, ideas and suggestions. A responsible press to gather, analyze, organize, and present information is considered vital to create greater public awareness and to provide the momentum for undertaking reforms to overcome corruption. Secretiveness has been a key factor that has enabled public officials and politicians to get away with corruption. A responsible and an investigative press has played an important role in many countries, both developed and developing, in exposing misconduct as well as in serving as a watchdog to limit corruption and preventing it from getting out of hand. The press has not always acted in a responsible manner, and like everything else in this world, it is not perfect. Nevertheless, its power to limit misconduct and improper behavior should not be underestimated. Views on the effectiveness of anti-corruption oversight or watchdog bodies are mixed. There are instances where they have proved useful. However, in surveys and interviews of public officials and members of civil society organizations, most respondents do not have a high opinion of them. Improving institutions involves such things as improving the legal framework, promoting efficiency of the police force, strengthening the auditor general’s office, and appointment of a responsible inspector general empowered to investigate and prosecute corruption. A useful conclusion that has emerged from the current discussion and ongoing debate on the corruption issue is that corruption is a symptom of economic, political, and institutional weaknesses in a country. To be effective, measures against corruption must therefore address these underlying causes and not the symptoms. Emphasis must be placed on preventing corruption by tackling the root causes that give rise to it through undertaking economic, political and institutional reforms. Anti-corruption enforcement measures such as oversight bodies, a strengthened police force and more efficient law courts will not be effective in the absence of a serious effort to address the fundamental causes. Another observation that may be useful to bear in mind is that corruption is most prevalent where there are other forms of institutional weaknesses, such as political instability, bureaucratic red tape, and weak legislative and judicial systems. The important point is that corruption and such institutional weaknesses are linked together and that they feed upon each other. How to cite Cause and Effect of Corruption, Essay examples

Self-observation for Yenching Global Symposium - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSelf-observation for Yenching Global Symposium. Answer: This Yenching Global Symposium is an annual interdisciplinary conference which will help applicant to bring together to seek a better and bright future. This Renaissance program generate great amount of ideas and helps participants to exchange of goods, idea and create innovative philosophy, art, and politics. This Yenching Global Symposium helps in developing wide range of ideas and understanding the great future. It will help in implementing proper level of business program and implement effective future. This Yenching Global Symposium will assist me in identifying all the associated factors and how I could make my future better and effective in determined approach. My main aim is to generate customized perception to use it on international level. Program of Yenching Global Symposium held in China will be accompanied by various numbers of participants from different countries and allow them to conversation and share their ideas, views and implement new strategy in effective manner. However, professors participating in this program will impart proper level of information to the learners to show them right path. This information will help me to pursue my goals and made me feel enthusiastic in implementing my own ideas and objective in determined manner (Hollinger, (2017). The most interesting thing which I have done in my past two years is related to my own business activities. I started my own business with my two friends. It was related to selling old books on online portal which was developed by friend. With the help of that site we three friends earned lot of money. However, we had to face various problems during that time. Nonetheless, that was great experience we all shared. Eventually, we had to wind up our business due to non-compliance or ethical issues of business. We had to wind up our business due to the name wrongly taken by us for our company. All of the partners of business including me had to face legal litigation and faced trouble while going through that case. All of us were penalized to pay CAD 50,000 as compensation to the person whose name we were using. However, we earned CAD 70,000 from that business (Radano Olaniyan, 2016).We had to wind up that business after paying the compensation amount to that person. This level of earnin g assisted all of us to evaluate all the internal and external factors and we learned that if we wants to run a business together then we should not underestimate the power of rules and applicable governance program (Fan, (2014). Renaissance is this years theme which will be followed in the program conducted in Yenching Global Symposium. This will be accompanied by the four different expression of Ren which will focus on the chinas growth and development. However, it is consisted with people, cognition, responsibilities, benevolence. Responsibility is the one of the major factors which is related to my field of interest. Global future of the china is gaining momentum throughout the time. It is evaluated that china is the strongest economy of the ASIAN countries. However, china has envisaged that it will increase its GDP and foreign exchange reserve by at least 2% in coming five years. The main focus of China is to increase its balance of trade and implement proper level of functioning to increase the overall foreign exchange reserve. The main responsibilities of China towards world are to provide customized best quality of goods and services on international level. However, all the policies and traits set by Chinese government should be amicable and promote the international trade in determined approach. Production of goods and services in China is very cheap which has resulted to providing all the goods and services from china at very low cost while offering goods and services in other countries (Ruan, Fu 2017). It is the second day of Yenching Global Symposium and waiting in the line for the lunch. I will chat with other members regarding the last day session and topic discussed. It will not only increase my understanding on that particular topic but also help me to understand how other members of this session perceived the shared information. It is evaluated that each and every person perceived information in different way and conclude different outcomes. Therefore, understanding others mind set and their values with the particular topic will increase the divergent thinking and help me to generate core aspects of the learning. In addition to this, I will also discuss the topic and information with them. It is considered that discussion is the main major factors to create an effective understanding on the particular topic. I have learned that each and every person in Yenching Global Symposium would come from different countries. Therefore, connecting with each other and sharing thoughts, va lues, perceptions and understanding their viewpoints would be the main major learning points for me (Fan, 2014). In case, if journalist come and ask me that what kind of questions he should ask in the annual two sessions then I would suggest him the following questions. I would suggest him to ask about the organizational culture and how company has been increasing its productivity throughout the time. This question will help him to understand the key business core aspects and how other companies could learn from our organization (Ng, (2017). Another question which I would like to ask is related to annual turnover and its increment throughout the time. This question would answer how company has increased its overall turnover throughout the time. In addition to this, it will also reflect how organization has developed core competency and other strategic plans to increase the overall productivity of organization. This will not only increase the brand image but also increase the competition in market as well. References Fan, S., (2014).The Harvard-Yenching Institute and Cultural Engineering: Remaking the Humanities in China, 19241951. Lexington Books. Hollinger, D. A. (2017).Protestants Abroad: How Missionaries Tried to Change the World but Changed America. Princeton University Press. Ng, P. T. M. (2017). A New Form of Christian Presence: The Case of Christian Higher Education in China in Recent Decades.Journal of World Christianity,7(2), 123-139. Radano, R., Olaniyan, T. (Eds.). (2016).Audible Empire: Music, Global Politics, Critique. Duke University Press. Ruan, L., Fu, L. (2017). The Trends of Chinese-American Library Relations.Library Science and Administration: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, 19.

Children and parents Essays - Parenting, Childhood, Friendship

Parents are the closest people for children in the world. They are best friends for us. They are everything for me. These close people deserve not only respect but also all love from all heart. Not getting the respect of children is one of the major family problems of modern world. In their pursuit to a bright career parents are actually forgetting the art of nurturing children in a healthy way. You will often find parents complaining about the disobedience. Most of the married children rarely respect their parents. They feel that parents are just there to snatch their marital bliss. Therefore they want to live alone. They are unable to give love and respect to their parents. Actually the ball is in parents? court and they must know how to get the love and respect of their children. Do not handicap your children by making their lives easy. Today most of the parents make this mistake. They try their best to provide all the facilities and luxuries to their children consequently they make them handicapped who always want to depend on their parents. In future if they don?t get from their parents what they have gone habitual to they rebel or disobey. From a very early age parents should teach their children the value of hard life and train them for it too. The best source of communication between a parent and a child is talking. Talk to them often and on various subjects. It will help them to mature psychologically. They can also clear their doubts. Especially small children are very fond of talking to parents. It helps them grown in a healthy and confident way. I studies many families and found that where there was no talking environment children mostly suffered from lack of confidence. Every child has some problems. If you are careful to their problems and help your child to solve it they will respect you more and understand your problems too. If parents make them like a bulldozer who is always pushing without understanding the relevance of anything the children won?t be able to develop any love for them. If there problems are understood and solved the bond between the two generations become strong and inseparable. The world is moving fast, competition is crushing and children need the help of their parents almost at every step. They want their parents to be their best friends who can understand their feelings and talk to them like friends. Children have a deep desire to express freely. In case parents are not ready to become friends children find friends outside. Those friends may be even bad and spoil the children. Your children may be intelligent but they are inexperienced and need your guidance so often. If parents are able to provide wise guidance children feel much relaxed. They know their parents can guide them through the tides of life with their knowledge and experience. It invokes their confidence that their career will be bright. Although it is good to be great friends of your children parents must also be ready to wield a stick of toughness if needed. There are children who are unable to move ahead or keep discipline till they are pushed or have a fear of parents. It is never necessary to beat them or punish them hard by any other method. Simple punishments now and then and an attitude of determination can infuse a fear in children to help them make a better career. Many parents still agree to this old proverb: spare the rod and spoil a child. Even animals can understand the language of love and care so why can?t the children who are educated and wise. Any form of physical punished or beating may leave permanent scars on the psychology of the children. It will definitely dampen their enthusiasm for learning. Children who are beaten severely either become rebellion or develop psychological diseases. And fear created by a rod is often counter-productive. It is practical approach to life. In spite of heading toward idealism the need of a practical approach to life must be understood. Many parents invest so much in the development of their children that they are left with

Cons of Cloning essays

Cons of Cloning essays Many people say that everyone in the world has a twin. Today, science and technology has the ability to make this myth reality through the process of cloning. I am strongly against cloning for many reasons. People should not utilize cloning because it would destroy individuality and uniqueness, cause overpopulation, animal cruelty, it is against morals and ethics, and it violates many religious beliefs. In order to strongly argue against cloning, there must be an understanding of its process and what exactly it is. Simply stated, a clone is a duplicate just like a photocopy. A good example of such copies that occur are identical twins, which are duplicates of each other. The first step of DNA cloning is to isolate a complete gene and is to chromosomal sequences and then to gradually begin flaking the chromosomal sequences of a single DAN molecule. Then the DNA clone can be electronically labeled and used as a probe to isolate the chromosomal sequences from a collection of different types of genes, which should contain cloned sequences that would represent the whole gene. This action will produce new sets of cloned cells identical to the mother cell. The new set of cells are isolated and likewise the simplified process is repeated all over again until the cells form a complete organ. In order to produce a complete organism the DNA must be altered in a variety of way to come out with the finished product to be the complete organism. In simple terms, a cell is taken from a donor woman. Then an unfertilized egg is taken from a second woman. The DNA from the cell is removed and transferred to the egg. The egg is then implanted into a surrogate mother. The resulting baby is genetically identical to the original donor. Human cloning destroys individuality and uniqueness. What makes people unique is the fact that we have different genes and cloning would lose these important part...

Financial Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Report - Case Study Example rn on equity output with the industry ratio, the company’s 28 percent ratio is favourably higher than the average industry return on equity ratio of 19 percent. b) Gross profit margin. Both years generated a similar 30 percent output. Comparing the 2013 28 percent gross profit ratio output with the industry ratio, the company performed financially better than the 10 percent average industry gross profit ratio. c) Net profit margin. The 2013 net profit ratio output is 6 percent. On the other hand, the 2012 net profit ratio performance an unfavourably lower 3 percent output. Comparing the 2013 6 percent net profit ratio output with the industry ratio, the company performed financially better than the 3 percent average industry net profit ratio output. d) Current ratio. The 2013 current ratio output is unfavourable at 0.47. On the other hand, the 2012 current ratio shows a more unfavourably lower 0.37. Comparing the 2013 current ratio output with the industry current ratio, the industry average current ratio is better than the company’s 0.47current ratio. The industry average current ratio is company’s 1.70. The ratio indicates there are not enough current assets reserved for the payment of currently maturing debts. e) Inventory (stock) turnover period. In terms of number of days converting inventory into cash, the company’s inventory turnover period for 2013 is 7.53 days. The 2012 annual period’s inventory turnover period, 10 days, is financially less favourable than the 2013 accounting period’s output. Comparing the 2013 inventory turnover ratio of 7.53 days, the company’s turnover ratio is far better than the average industry, 50 days inventory turnover ratio. f) Trade payables’ (creditors’) turnover period. The payables turnover ratio during both years is similarly pegged at 3 days. Comparing the 2013 return on equity output with the industry payables turnover ratio, the industry average’s 20 days payables turnover ratio is favourably

Hurricane sandy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hurricane sandy - Essay Example a common policy refers to an institution established by a number of states with a mutual offering authority for the currency and monetary policy (Cohenen, 2012). Over the past few decades there has been observed a developing importance in currency fusions and monetary consolidations. This impression of exchange regions dates back to the Mundell’s Optimum Currency Areas. He asserts that â€Å" if the world can be divided into regions within each of which there is a factor mobility and between which there is factor immobility, then each of these regions should have a separate currency that fluctuates relative to all other currencies† (Mundell, 1961, pp.56). The mobility of the inputs should act as the adjusting instrument if any region experiences asymmetric shock. In the absence of these inputs, the overseas exchange rate elasticity is not anticipated to execute the stabilization role assigned to it while the changing unemployment rates and inflation in the diverse areas would dominate. There has been various monetary unions in the various continents i.e. in Africa there has been the West African states who came together to share a common CFA franc currency, there also has been the multilateral Monetary Area to use the South African Rand. In Europe, there has been the European Union who uses the Euro as the common currency. There are other currency unions which have been proposed in other parts of the world i.e the East African Corporation that is scheduled to kick start by 2015, the West African Monetary Zone and the Gulf Corporation Council that is targeted to start within 2013 to 2020. These unions across the different nations have been faced with various challenges and most of them have flopped rendering a single currency impossible within the member states. Most of these unions also collapse due to some asymmetrical penchants and preferences that the union brings to the different states where one country may be favored than the other. Due to this

Malcom X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Malcom X - Essay Example His school of thought was to encourage and exhorted black Americans to condemn racism ‘by any means possible† including violence. On this stand, he challenged other civil rights movement and had differences in opinion to other leaders like Martin Luther King, who championed nonviolent pursuit of integration. The civil rights activist broke with the Nation of Islam shortly before he was assassinated on the 21st of February, 1965 in Manhattan at the Audubon Ballroom where he prepared to deliver his speech. Malcolm X was the fourth child out of the eight born to Earl Little, the preacher and Louise Little, a homemaker. Earl Little was an active and dedicated member of Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and a great follower of Marcus Garvey then, the leader of black nationalists. Due to his civil rights activism, his family always faced threats from the white supremacist groups, for example, the Ku Klux Klan and the Black Legion. Malcolm X described the trauma from her mothers’ story during his speeches. He actually had his first experience with racism before he was born. When his mother was pregnant with him, Ku Klux Klan riders stormed their home with shotguns and rifles and commanded his father to get out. The frequent harassments influenced Earl Little to move his family to East Lasing, Michigan. The kind of racism the family went through in East Lasing was even greater because soon after they moved, in 1929, a mob of racist burnt their house. The firemen and the white police stood around and watched the house burn to the ground. It got much worse in 1931, when Earl Little’s body was found in a municipal streetcar where he laid dead. Although it was clear he was murdered, the police ruled out his death as suicide. Malcolm’s mother did not recover from the shock and got admitted in a mental institution while Malcolm lived with family friends. Malcolm X went to West Junior High School and was the only black student in the school.

Thanks For Not Killing My Son English Literature Essay

Thanks For Not Killing My Son English Literature Essay With hundreds of newspaper publications printed everyday, television, and Internet, you might ask yourself why do you need to read a short essay published in a college English book. Well, I decided to tell you the true story about this short essay. More importantly, I will tell you why you should read it. The essay Thanks for Not Killing My Son by Rita Schindler stands out from the crowd because it is emotionally intense, abundant in visual sentences, and very thought provoking. First, Rita Schindler combines attention-getter with persuasion technique in just 38 lines, each of them delivering full-impact feelings, making this essay intense and effective. The title is written in a way that immediately catches your attention. Thanks for Not Killing My Son its not a form to express gratitude to someone, but is instead used as irony. The constant repetition of the thank you will make you wonder at the mothers non-violent response to her sons beating, and also builds emotion in the end. However, by the end of the essay, when the mothers thanking becomes a pattern you begin to understand the patience and compassion of a loving parent. Using implied fright through the entire essay, Schindler creates another kind of emotion for the reader. When she says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦thank you for this eyesight, his hearing and his hands which you could have easily crushed. (Schindler 8), you may think that a similar attack can really affect you or someone you care about. The whole argument raises to a climax in the final point, which suggests the ultimate loss to parents, the death of a child. When the author says, You could have kicked him to death, but you only left him to die. Thank you. (Schindler 11) she alludes to what might well have resulted from the actions of the attackers. However, by the time you finish reading this essay, itll reveal to you a final emotion; she leaves death to the end, since its a thought she would not like to ever contemplate or experience (Schindler 11, 12). Secondly, you will find this essay abundant in visual sentences, making this another effective way to grab your attention. As soon as you start reading this essay, I can assure you that youll realize how powerful those visual sentences are, and you dont have to read too much. He was left lying in a pool of blood from an open head wound (Schindler 3) is the beginning of the third paragraph and reflects immediately the ferocity of the attack. Moreover, its not just the brutality of the attack itself, but the cruelty of leaving someone unconscious lying on a park alley in the middle of December. Reading more, you realize that this idea of using visual sentences becomes more frightening because the author has used specific examples of actual events instead of talking in general about the nature of violence (Schindler 5, 6, 7, 9). Finally, the essay is very thought-provoking and it raises many questions for you to think about. Since the attack against his authors son happened à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦sometime between 1.30 p.m., Dec. 8, and 1 a.m., Dec. 9,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in the Victoria Park-Terraview area, the first thought that will cross your mind will be about the sense of security and law enforcement on the streets of Toronto. You can think about this when you read this sentence: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦when his friends were talking about revenge, I heard him say, No, I dont want someone elses mother to go through mine has (Schindler 10). Our society needs to change the way we enforce the law, so revenge should not be our concern. The essay is also relevant to our times because it makes you think about todays parental guidance related to street violence. Apparently, you may say that is no connection between those two, but when Five guys and two girls à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦beat one person definitely shows that parental guidance was n ot effective in this case. Any parent must exercise constant guidance and attention to their kids, and you can found this idea in the last sentence of the essay: I hope that someday youll have children and love them as much as I love mine- but I wouldnt wish on your child what you did to mine. (Schindler 13). In conclusion, reading Thanks for Not Killing My Son you will discover an emotionally intense, full of visual sentences, and thought-provoking essay. Giving you those reasons to read Rita Schindlers essay, lets make an effort and prove that the following rhymes from a well known song are wrong, and we can change our amazing world that we are live in. Theres somethin wrong with the world today. I dont know what it is. Somethings wrong with our eyes. / Were seeing things in a different way, and God knows it aint His. It sure aint no surprise. Were livin on the edge.  [1]  

Driven to Distraction by Technology :: Pros and Cons of Technology

The past two decades have overwhelmed the human experience with technology, along with all its distractions. The direct relationship between the mind and the body’s ability to adjust from these distractions can be extremely difficult .Further research has shown that it has become an addiction for many. Technology has significantly improved our lives as a whole through experiences such as Global Positioning System (GPS), cell phones and social networking allowing us to communicate with different people around the world. These technologies make our daily lives easier and more efficient. However, this also discusses the effects of technology on various aspects of our everyday personal experiences both with each other and with the world around us. On the other hand technologies such as cell phones have become a problem in getting students to focus in class and distracting drivers and thus, resulting in vehicle accidents. Technology is beneficial, but can also become an inescapable distraction in our lives. It is important to view technology as having the ability to make our lives better or worse, yet also as having the ability to change our personal lives and behavioral patterns. The use of technology makes our daily tasks easier, such as a better sense of direction while driving via a GPS, safety features in our cars such as Auto Drive and Auto Park. These technologies have made driving an easier and enjoyable experience as well as reducing our chances of getting into accidents. The research presented in the following article â€Å"Driven to Distraction [in car technology]† provided surprising conclusions. Professor John D Lee from the University of Iowa states the following issue: â€Å"Technology is changing very quickly. Many of these things coming into the car were not designed to be used in it.†(Edwards 8). He proves that there are a lot of in car technologies in today’s society that can demand our full attention without us even knowing, and can lead to tremendous consequences that can become dangerous distractions on the road. Satellite navigation (GPS) makes our lives easier because it can give us the correct directions to a desir ed address. This is unlike the past where the navigationally challenged would consider it a nightmare to drive to a new location. Furthermore, there are many upsides that technology brings upon students by presenting new ways of learning where technology is being used in the classroom. Within the article â€Å"Cell phones in schools pros and cons† presented by Rujuta Borkar, the advantages of having a cellular phone device in school are through emergency contact, and having a cell phone for security purposes.

Give examples to support your views Essay

Develop the above points and also explain why you think science fiction films are commercial successful? Give examples to support your views. Science fiction films are commercially successful because they have a high production value. This allows Sci-Fi’s to follow the uses and gratifications theory through creating an escapist environment using cgi, props, costumes and Special FX. The high production value enables the codes and conventions of a sci-fi to remain consistent (lasers, futuristic outfits, bright light) in the environments and costumes of the Mise en scene. Furthermore, The cliche’s in the mise en scene allow the target audiences to quickly recognise with sci-fi films because they are familiar to the various references of brought through the advanced cgi, costumes, special FX and props in the Mise En Scene that would be used in a typical sci-fi. Star wars: the force awakening has used familiar cliche’s within their narrative to provide escapist entertainment of which target audience can recognize. Star wars: the force awakened has used high budget of $300 million to create the different Alien species, props, costumes and environment transferring the audience into a realistic work of the protagonists. Because of this, the force awakens was able to achieve a box office of 2 billion dollars to be one of the most successful science fiction films till date. Science fictions films hybridise with other genres. This means that Science fiction films can reach a larger demographic of audiences which would enable more box office revenue to be generated from a science fiction films. Sci-Fi’s often hybridise with the family, crime or comedy genres as these genres attract the largest amount of different demographics. For example, Mars Attacks! Hybridised with the family and comedy genre. This enabled the target demographic to expand further form the stereotypical sci-fi intelligent and intellectual enthusiasts. It enabled ‘Mars Attacks! ’ to generate a revenue of 100 million dollars as parents could now experience a sci-fi with comedic value with their children. Similarly Sci-Fi’s hybridising enable a change in the iconography which would allow the visuals of a sci-fi to furthermore attract a larger audience. An example of this is in Chappie where the relationship between Chappie and the female protagonist is a representation of a mother figure targeting a female demographic. Science fictions film have an existing loyal fan base. A science fiction’s film fan base consumes Sci-Fi’s on mobile phones, laptops, consoles, PC and webpage these allow Sci-Fi’s to be commercially successful as a sci-fi film would now have a variety of methods to inform their target audience whether it be by making games (e. g. Star wars battlefront), posters or webpages that may promote a Sci-Fi’s narrative. ‘Monster’s vs aliens’ have used viral marketing, a website and teaser trailers in order to reach their fan base. Through this they were able to inform their target audience (children age 7-14) by creating interactive webpages that information of the protagonists and sharing links to their website and teaser trailers on social media platforms. Sci-fi films who have used this are successful as the intuitions were able to reach their target demographics by the how much the target audience uses each platform. Science fiction films are commercially successful because they hybridise with other genres, have high production values and have an existing fan base that consume sci-fi on various media. This is because the hybridisation allows science fictions films to target a larger demographic whilst the high production value engrosses the audience into the narrative. Additionally, the existing fan base that consume on various media enables Science fiction films to advertise to various devices ensuring that the target audience would be informed about the Sci-fi film. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Audience and Production Analysis section.

Korean war excusable

Korean war excusable Five years after Korea was partitioned into South and North Korea, the two countries began combating. Led by Kim Il Sung, the North launched a surprise invasion southwards on June 25th 1950. After nearly taking over the entire peninsula, American forces, alongside those of the United Nations, got involved in an attempt to drive the communists back. In due time the Chinese got involved in the conflict as well. This escalation brought forth what is today known as the Korean War. While searching for the grounds of this aggression, it is vital to acknowledge that causes are bound to be numerous in number.Firstly, the fact that China had just become a communist state indeed presents itself as an important aspect of the commencement of the Korean War, as it lead to the United States putting more effort into stopping the spread of communism southward from North Korea. China falling victim to communism in October of 1949 was a major blow to the United States as it stood out as a failure of i ts containment policy, which was meant to stop the spread of communism, and opened up a completely new array of worries concerning the political standpoints of china's many neighboring nations, potential application of domino theory.Original description: "Supply warehouses and dock ...

Free Essays on North And South

Throughout the Civil War captured soldiers would be sent to the opposing side’s prison camps. The most dreaded prison camp was Andersonville also know as Camp Sumter. Just saying the name of this Confederate prison brought cringes to the stomachs of the Union soldiers. Andersonville had a harsh approach to treating the captured; they would starve them for days, make them walk around naked, and even make them drink water that had been contaminated with their own waste. Andersonville was the harshest prison throughout the civil war and the way they treated prisoners was unlawful and unjustifiable. As you read through this paper ask yourself if the way these prisoners were treated was cruel and unusual. The definition of Cruel and Unusual Punishment is this, punishment that is offensive to the contemporary morality or jurisprudence (as by being degrading, inflicting unnecessary and intentional pain, or being disproportionate to the offense). As you read through, put yourself in the prisoner’s shoes. Is what being done to them against the law? Is it right to starve thousands of men just because they were fighting for the freedom of slaves? Keep these questions in mind as you read through this paper. The way that guards treated the inmates was disgusting to say the least. When the men first went into the prison camps they were stripped of all their clothes and belongings. After the prisoner was sent into the camp the only way to get clothing was to go find someone who had died and take the clothes right off his back. It may not seem important, but clothing is a necessity in the southern climate. It not only protects the skin from the sun but during the night it keeps a person warm. To not provide proper clothing for the inmates is inhumane and cruel and unusual punishment. To take the clothing off a man’s back is cruel punishment. There is no need to take away the clothing of prisoners; it serves no purpose to have ... Free Essays on North And South Free Essays on North And South Throughout the Civil War captured soldiers would be sent to the opposing side’s prison camps. The most dreaded prison camp was Andersonville also know as Camp Sumter. Just saying the name of this Confederate prison brought cringes to the stomachs of the Union soldiers. Andersonville had a harsh approach to treating the captured; they would starve them for days, make them walk around naked, and even make them drink water that had been contaminated with their own waste. Andersonville was the harshest prison throughout the civil war and the way they treated prisoners was unlawful and unjustifiable. As you read through this paper ask yourself if the way these prisoners were treated was cruel and unusual. The definition of Cruel and Unusual Punishment is this, punishment that is offensive to the contemporary morality or jurisprudence (as by being degrading, inflicting unnecessary and intentional pain, or being disproportionate to the offense). As you read through, put yourself in the prisoner’s shoes. Is what being done to them against the law? Is it right to starve thousands of men just because they were fighting for the freedom of slaves? Keep these questions in mind as you read through this paper. The way that guards treated the inmates was disgusting to say the least. When the men first went into the prison camps they were stripped of all their clothes and belongings. After the prisoner was sent into the camp the only way to get clothing was to go find someone who had died and take the clothes right off his back. It may not seem important, but clothing is a necessity in the southern climate. It not only protects the skin from the sun but during the night it keeps a person warm. To not provide proper clothing for the inmates is inhumane and cruel and unusual punishment. To take the clothing off a man’s back is cruel punishment. There is no need to take away the clothing of prisoners; it serves no purpose to have ...

A mobile application tool, which uses persuasive design to encourage Essay

A mobile application tool, which uses persuasive design to encourage young adults to make healthier food alternatives - Essay Example Then the results from the theoretical user requirements with the practical user requirements are collated to gain a list of specific user requirements. A meeting was organized with the head of Villiers High School’s Sixth Form. A presentation of the data was initiated. In this case, a quick overview of the project was explained. Again, the involvement of each student was explained. After this was done, students received an email from their head to inform them of a study taking place. The email notification explains to the students how it would be a great opportunity for them to get involved, given the limited number of students required for the study (Babbie, 2010). The study only required twenty students to act as the respondents. Having received a high level of interest from the students, the head of Villiers High School 6th Form granted them permission. The project overview was structured to be presented at the sixth formers’ assembly on Monday, the 17th day of November 2012. Having been allowed to visit the school, there has been the case of walking in sessions. In this case, students have the freedom to ask the researcher any questions regarding their involvement. Visiting the students within their playground has also been a good way of gaining their participation interest. I could also gain their interests by visiting them in the classes and their scheduled walk. These scheduled walks are usually in sessions, which take place on Thursdays and Fridays, and specifically during lunchtime. In such cases, open discussions and one-to-one sessions about the project are conferred. From such efforts, it was possible to recruit up to 20 students from which I was able to start the project. A team of 20 students was perfect for the project. These 20 students were informed everything to do with their roles. They were issued with conse nt forms after which they were explained about their involvement rights.

Reaction Paper to Movie Hoop Dreams Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reaction Paper to Hoop Dreams - Movie Review Example This is seen in the movie as it entails the story of two high school students In Chicago who had a dream of becoming professional basketball players. The two African American teenagers; Arthur Agree and William Gate, studied in a white, Roman Catholic high school called St. Joseph High School in Westchester, Illinois after being recruited by the schools’ scout (Joravsky, 1996). Despite the economic adversity, long hours commuting, change in environment and difficult training, Agree and Gates worked very hard to enhance their basketball skills despite the competitive industry in the job. Their families also played an important role in supporting them with the school basketball program. In the film we get to see Americas’ present view of education, race, economic diversity, social class and values. William Gates of the two students is obsessed to play in the National Basketball Association. Four years down the line William Gates progresses to the Nike All-America basketba ll camp. During the camp one of the coaches, Mr. Lee, informs them that the only reason they were in the camp was to make their schools win and make a lot of money. At the camp, the college coaches tended to overlook high school players. This reveals the relentless procedure in which coaches and recruiting scouts neglect to recognize such people like Arthur Agree and William Gates. The life of the two students seemed to be opening up smoothly where William is aiming for a stunning college career as well as the pro basketball view whereas; Arthur Agree seems to progress downwards. The two are engaged into a system that is not ready to take them in easily (Joravsky, 1996). The film was also used as a tool to express the social issue in the American community which it achieves and puts in even more important questions. It also portrays how money affected the society as well as major institutions, for example in the case scenario where ‘coach Lee’ gives advice to Arthur Agr ee and William Gates that everything they were getting involved was at it about money and even quoted; â€Å"the whole thing is about money† and tried to explain how they were being used by the school so that it would win and make a lot of money. He even went to further to tell them that, the only way that people like them, people from the poor black neighborhood, would defend themselves as well as their interests from such situation, was through being aware of the fact that it was not just about playing basketball but everything was revolving around money (Joravsky, 1996). Arthur Agree lived with his parents who broke up but later made u and were back together after Arthur’s father had a drug problem (crack) but managed to get over it. They lived in the Cabrini-Green housing project, whereas; William Gates lived with his single mother and his older brother called Curtis who had missed out on his own basketball career in college but didn’t give up but rather inv ested his dreams in his younger brother William Gates. He had so much trust in his small brother such trust in his younger brother such that he even made a comment saying he does not see how the brother, William Gates was not

Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Terrorism - Research Paper Example He enrolled at North Carolina A& T University and graduated in 1986 (US Department of Defense, 2006). Mohammed was charged in America for his attempt to blow up planes across the Pacific. However, Mohammed got away from the FBI and later joined Al Qaeda. Mohammed was captured in Pakistan, in 2003, and held in various secret locations. In 2006, together with other â€Å"high value† captives, they were moved to Guantanamo bay in Cuba. Mohammed’s alleged offenses included destruction of property, conspiracy, attacking civilians causing bodily harm intentionally and murder in violation of the law, hijacking a vessel and aircraft, and lastly providing material support for terrorism. In the Bush Administration era, the case provided motivation for pursuing Mohammed as a commitment to the War on Terror. In Obama’s 2008 election pledge, there were promises to close Guantanamo Bay. However, this has been difficult due to security fears and opposition from his opponents. E vidence against Mohammed mainly stems from information stored in computer drives. The computer drives allegedly held incriminating evidence about detailed plans on how to hijack and attack planes. Additionally, they obtained photographs of the nineteen conspirators of the 9/11 attacks, letters from Osama bin Laden and other documents pointing to his direct role in organizing the attacks. In a Combatant Status Review, he confessed of his involvement. Military commissions were stopped temporarily so that detainees could be prosecuted in federal courts (Elsea, 2009). Military commissions would still be allowed to deal with various terrorism cases; nevertheless, the administration favored federal criminal courts. The procedure governing criminal cases is defined in Title 18 of the U.S code. Judgment under federal courts follows clearly laid down guidelines. Federal courts are independent of the other arms of government; military tribunal can be influenced by executive orders. Their deci sions are less influenced by politics; President Obama instituted a board to oversee terrorism cases while suspects were held indefinitely (Lizner, 2009). The review of these cases occurs outside the court with no self-regulating evaluation. Pros of Utilizing Military Tribunal Military commissions do not have to give Miranda warnings; for federal courts, Miranda rights should be mentioned for the admissibility of confessions. Normally, military tribunals and federal court have open proceedings. However, the military tribunals have more closed proceedings than federal courts. Equally, military tribunals can forbid the transmission of sensitive information especially with issues to do with national security. Military tribunals have the authorization to establish their own jurisdiction for offenses punishable under the Military Commissions Act MCA or the law of war for alien, enemy combatants (Elsea, 2009). Pros of Using Federal Courts in Trying Terrorism Suspects Federal courts use lo ng established rules, as opposed to military commissions. This avoids litigation risks and promotes cooperation among suspects. In addition, the scope covered by federal courts is much wider than under Military Tribunals; in case of American citizens, the possibility of trial in Military Tribunals diminishes. Similarly, lone wolf terrorists can be tried in federal

Career Opportunities with Commerce Education Essay Example for Free

Career Opportunities with Commerce Education Essay Commerce Education As a stream of study, Commerce can be studied right after 10 years of schooling. After the 10 years of schooling commerce is available as an option in 10+2 or the Higher Secondary level. This paves the way for higher studies in commerce related subjects. The undergraduate and postgraduate Education in Commerce is offered at University departments and colleges spread all across the country. Specializations are offered at post graduate and at research levels. A number of subjects can be studied under disciplines of Commerce in conjugation like; accountancy, economics, mathematics, business, finance etc. Most commerce colleges in India offer the following subjects: Business economics: This would cover concepts like the laws of demand and supply, law of returns, elasticity, theory of pricing under different market forms etc. Financial accounting: This subject would deal with the preparation of profit and loss statements, balance sheets and final accounts of a company, knowledge of Indian and international accounting standards, calculation of depreciation and valuation of shares and goodwill of a company. Cost accounting: This would include process, Job and contract costing, costing of overheads, standard nd variance costing and budgetary control. Income tax: This would encompass the nature and basis of charge of income tax, tax planning, tax deduction, incomes not taxable etc. Business finance: This would include in its scope financial analysis as a diagnostic tool, the management of working capital and its components as well as capital structure leverages. Business law: This subject would discuss the different laws in India relating to, among others, the Companies Act and the Consumer Protection Act. Programs Offer in Commerce Education S. No. Traditional Programs: Following study programs are offered by different niversity departments and colleges in India. 1 Intermediate in Commerce (Class X): This is the preliminary stage (senior secondary level) where students get basics of commerce education. This is a two year course offered by various central boards (viz. CBSE, ICSE), state boards and councils. 2 Eligibility Criteria: A candidate must have completed 15 years of age and 10 years of schooling during the time of admission for this program. 3 Under Graduate (UG) Programs: In general, B. Com. (Bachelor of Commerce) is awarded under this program. There may be two options. One can simply take up 3Com as a pass course or can take up with honours. Eligibility Criteria: A candidate must have completed 17 years of age and 12 years of schooling during the time of admission for this program. Candidate also requires fulfilling the eligibility criteria laid by the University / Institutions / Departments in which he / she seek admission. 5 Post Graduate (PG) Program: In general, M. Com. (Master of Commerce) in relevant discipline is awarded under this program. One has to choose candidate must have completed Bachelors Degree during the time of admission. He / she also require fulfilling the eligibility criteria laid by the university department in which admission is sought. Master of Philosophy (M. Phil. ): This is pre doctoral program offered by various university departments. Generally admission to this program is offered on the basis of Interview and past academic record. 8 Eligibility Criteria: This program is offered to candidates who shows research aptitude and who have good academic record. The minimum eligibility criterion for admission into this program is M.

Causes And Contributing Factors Of Heat Waves Engineering Essay

Causes And Contributing Factors Of Heat Waves Engineering Essay Basically there are two types of heat waves. Dry heat waves often bring clear skies and large input of solar radiation, which usually occur in locations with a continental or Mediterranean climate. Moist heat waves have characteristically very warm humid conditions during day and night with a large amount of cloud coverage. These usually occur in mid-latitude temperate and maritime climates. The main cause of heat waves are high pressure systems, located in the midlevel/higher troposphere, which remain over a location for a prolonged time. Under pressure the air subsides and sinks towards the surface, compressing the air at the surface causing the temperature to rise. This sinking creates a dome with winds blowing outward, trapping the heat inside and disallowing mixing with other weather potentially cooling the surface. When the air sinks from a high pressure system, heat is unable to rise and cumulus clouds cannot be formed. In this way the area will not be cooled by rain solar radiation directly hits the surface, resulting in a building temperature. Another important factor in the formation of heat waves is the location of the jet streams. Jet streams are narrow, fast flowing air currents near the tropopause formed by the earths rotation and atmospheric heating. During a heat wave, a jet stream lies above an affected area disallowing transported polar air mass to cool the area. Heat wave are also seasonally bound because of a slower, meandering jet stream during summertime. Jet streams are formed by change in temperature between colliding Arctic and tropical air masses, which are weaker during summer causing it to slow down. A slower jet stream causes less change in weather patterns, therefore increasing stationary weather conditions explaining why heat waves occur during summer. Furthermore, land-atmosphere coupling is found to increase mean, maximum as well the minimum temperatures averaged over warm summers. Research by Fischer et al (2007) indicates the very important role of dry soils in driving/enhancing heat wave episodes in 1976, 2003, and 2005. In addition, when vertical mixing of air is weak due to the sinking air, it produces strong stability and the continuance of humidity near the surface. Landscapes with surfaces that hold heat can amplify the effect of a heat wave. The urban heat island effect is the phenomenon whereby urban regions experience warmer temperatures than their rural surroundings. The annual mean air temperature of a city with one million or more people can be 1 to 3 °C warmer than its surroundings, and on a clear, calm night, this temperature difference can be as much as 12 °C (Oke, T.R, 1997) Based on the characteristics heat waves are more likely to occur in locations with high variable summer climate or clear hot seasons. Climate change and heatwaves: Some researchers link climate change to the increased frequency and intensity of meteorological event as wind storms, prolonged drought, cold spells and heat waves. Recent observational studies have demonstrated that the frequency of hot summer days and heat waves over Europe has increased in recent decades along with an enhanced variability of interannual and daily summer temperatures (Klein Tank et al. 2002). Results demonstrate that the European summer climate might experience an increase in year-to-year variability in response to greenhouse-gas forcing. Such an increase in variability might be able to explain the unusual European summer 2003, and would strongly affect the incidence of heat waves and droughts in the future. According to research from CO2 doubling would lead to an increase by 10 °C in average temperature in the a 1-in-20-yr heat wave event in the Great Lakes. This heat wave, lasting 5 days with intensity range of between 28 ° and 34 °C under present day conditions, would become 38 °C to 44 °C when CO2 doubles. The research also shows similar changes due to CO2 doubling in the Czech Republic, Eastern China and South-West France (Clark et al in 2006). Furthermore models indicate that there is a shift towards warmer and dryer climates with less soil moisture and could be connected to the increased amount of recent heat waves. The growing season is extended by warmer springs increasing the amount of soil water uptake by vegetation. (Seneviratne et al, 2006). In addition the physical processes that characterized the 2003 heat wave such as soil moisture depletion and the positive feedback on summer temperatures, and the lack of rainfall in many parts of the continent that generally occur from June September, are projected to occur with greater frequency in the future. Another consequence of climate change is the Arctic amplification, the faster rate at which the Arctic warms compared to the rest of the world. Also recent analysis of North American and North Atlantic atmospheric data from 1971-2010 found that this amplification makes the jet stream slower and wavier. As a result, blocking events become more likely. (Francis, Vivrus, 2012) The numerous factors contributing to the formation and intensification of heat waves seem to increase in the future. IPCC states that for the next two decades, a warming of about 0.2 °C per decade is projected for a range of emission scenarios. Even if the concentrations of all greenhouse gases and aerosols had been kept constant at year 2000 levels, a further warming of about 0.1 °C per decade would be expected. Continued greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20th century. Lastly, anthropogenic warming and sea level rise would continue for centuries because of climate processes and feedbacks, even if greenhouse gas concentrations were stabilized.  (IPCC, 2007) The processes driving the variability changes are different for the three components but generally relate to enhanced land-atmosphere coupling and/or increased variability of surface net radiation, accompanied by a strong reduction of cloudiness, atmospheric circulation changes and a progressive depletion of soil moisture within the summer season. Warm climate. Seasonal Summer Low latitude (but not necessarily) High pressure systems, especially if relatively stationary Little/no rain Little/no cloud cover. Dry land Dark landscape with surfaces that hold heat asphalt, rock, concrete. There are generally four factors contributing to the formation of a heat wave. First the location of the jet stream, which should be above the affected area. Jet streams are narrow air currents flowing in the upper troposphere and tropopause. The northern and southern hemisphere both experience jet streams, and exist because of a combination of the earths rotation and a , which is a fast flowing stream of air currents near the tropopause, should be above the affected area, so polar air masses are not able to reach the region. Second, a high pressure system The first involves the location of the jetstream.   It should be above the affected area disallowing polar air masses to reach the region.   Second, a high-pressure system may exist permitting the surface to be heated in the absence of moisture.   A third related factor is a dry ground, which facilitates the heating of the surface.   The fourth and final factor is the amount of vertical mixing of the air.   Specifically, weak vertical mixing produces strong stability and the continuance of humidity near the surface.   The main cause is a high pressure area, located in the midlevel/higher troposphere, which strengthens and remains over a location for a prolonged time. This is common in summer in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres because of the jet stream following the sun. The jet stream Summertime weather patterns are generally slower to change than in winter. As a result, this mid-level high pressure also moves slowly. Under high pressure, the air subsides (sinks) toward the surface. This sinking air acts as a dome capping the atmosphere. Heat waves can be caused by various different weather conditions but the main cause is when an area of high pressure becomes stationary over a location. Due to the high pressure, other weather conditions cannot dissipate the heat and therefore the ground and the air become much hotter than would normally be recorded. The high pressure discourages cloud cover meaning the sun is constantly heating the location during the day and the pressure in the air stops wind currents moving the heat on. The atmospheric pressure systems that control the local weather are made up of areas of high pressure and areas of low pressure. These move around and bring with them various weather conditions. In an area of high pressure, the air from the atmosphere is at a higher pressure than the air around that location. This causes drier air and blue skies. When this area of high pressure becomes stationary over a global position, that area experiences cloudless skies and rises in day time temperature. The longer the high pressure is stationary, the larger the rise in temperature as other weather conditions, such as rain or wind, are unable to enter the environment and cool these temperatures. There are however other causes of heat waves, but the important point is that other weather conditions are unable to enter the location and cool the temperature. Desert winds can cause heat waves as they naturally blow warm air into cooler areas. If this location, either due to seasonal or geographic reasons is unable to cool the temperature, the area will experience a heat wave. There usually are four atmospheric conditions necessary in forming a heatwave, although they do not have to occur at the same time. At first, a The first involves the location of the jetstream.   It should be above the affected area disallowing polar air masses to reach the region.   Second, a high-pressure system may exist generally to the east permitting the surface to be heated in the absence of moisture.   A third related factor is a dry ground, which facilitates the heating of the surface.   The fourth and final factor is the amount of vertical mixing of the air.   Specifically, weak vertical mixing produces strong stability and the continuance of humidity near the surface.   Mainly because an area of high atmospheric pressure becomes stationary over a location. The high pressure prohib A heat wave is in effect when a location has excessively high temperatures, compared to normal, for a prolonged period of time. Warm climate. Seasonal Summer Low latitude (but not necessarily) High pressure systems, especially if relatively stationary Little/no rain Little/no cloud cover. Dry land Dark landscape with surfaces that hold heat asphalt, rock, concrete. Modeling Northern Hemisphere Summer Heat Extreme Changes and Their Uncertainties Using a Physics Ensemble of Climate Sensitivity Experiments) ROBIN T. CLARK, SIMON J. BROWN, AND JAMES M. MURPHY Severe and Hazardous Weather: An Introduction to High Impact Meteorology  (Bob Rauber, John Walsh, Donna Charlevois Seneviratne S, Là ¼thi D, Litschi M, Schà ¤r C. Land-atmosphere coupling and climate change in Europe.  Nature  [serial online]. September 14, 2006;443(7108):205-209.

Mike Roses I Just Wanna Be Average Essay -- Report French Commission

Comparing Mike Rose's I Just Wanna Be Average and the â€Å"Report of the French Commission on American Education, 1879' Mike Rose's I Just Wanna Be Average essay sheds light on troubled youth within the public school system. It makes you long for the days of American pride and service. Students placed in â€Å"tracks'; to utilize overcrowded and faulty test systems. Identity lost due to poor instruction and lack of motivation. The influx of shattered images brought forth by the â€Å"Report of the French Commission on American Education, 1879'; reminds us of a time long ago when education was for every child, not select few. Stoic instructors molding young minds in the quest to advance America as a whole. Civic pride and duty were influencing every aspect of American education. Both essays draw from the influence of education into the societal path into American mainstream society. Each school system is influenced by thoughts of bettering youth, but in much opposite ends of the spectrum. The French commission stated that the youth of America were offered the same curriculum in the hopes to form a united, equal society. America, as seen by the French, was a land of golden opportunities available to every child regardless of social standing. It was the basis for our country to survive. It safeguarded our standing in the world. Mike Rose’s school offered quite the opposite. It was a haven for long standing views on school being selective as to whom actually deserved the educa...

Two Explanations of Depression

Describe and evaluate two psychological explanations of depression. (25 marks) There have been several psychoanalytical theories of depression; there is no objective view of depression. However, centre to all these different theories is the idea that unconscious forces and experiences during early childhood contribute to the development of depression in adult life. The first theory that will be looked at is, Sigmund Fraud’s theory, based on his 1917 essay ‘Mourning and Melancholia’. Here, Fraud related depression back to the Oral stage of development during childhood.The Oral stage, according to Fraud, this is the first of several psychosexual stages through which human infants develop towards maturity. It is characterised by dependency on their caregiver. It is possible to become fixated (stuck) at any one of these stages and this has consequences for later development. Fixation can occur as the result of either over-or under-gratification. This very dependant na ture makes them particularly venerable to depression in their adult life. They spend energy, money and more looking for love and attention and approval of others, this could lead to anger if their needs aren’t met.However, this anger is directed inwardly, at themselves instead of at others. An example of this is with the loss of a loved one, their anger is directed inwardly at the loss of their loved one, regressing back to the Oral stage. Fraud also distinguished between actual loss, in the case of the loss of a loved one and symbolic loss, loss of a job. However, both do lead to depression, as the individual re-experiences a childhood episode when they experienced loss of affection from a caregiver. There has also been a link between Low self-esteem and depression.Bibring’s psychodynamic theory (1965) stated that low self-esteem brought about by a harsh and critical upbringing could result in depression. This perfectionist parenting style can produce a wide inconsist ency between the child’s true nature and its ideal nature, the individual fails to live up to his/her unrealistic ego-ideal. This supports the theory that fixation on a childhood stage or experience can lead to depression later in life. According to Fraud, in order to avoid loss turning into depression, the individual needs to engage in a period of mourning, work, during which s/he recalls memories of the lost one.This allows the individual to separate him/herself from the lost person, and so reduces the inner-directed anger. However, individuals very dependent on others for their sense of self-esteem may be unable to do this, and so remain extremely depressed. There is some evidence for the idea that a set of dependant personality traits characterise people with depression. However, these traits appear to fluctuate with the level of depression so they might be an effect of the disorder rather than a causal factor. There is also support for the idea that the loss of a parent to death or divorce can be linked to later depression (Bifulco et al. 1987). Further research has shown that depressed people tend to be more aggressive than a control group of people who don’t suffer from depression. The strengths of the psychodynamic approach to depression are that, firstly, there is further empirical support provided by Waller et al (2000). Men who had lost their fathers during childhood scored higher on a depression scale than those fathers who had not died. Furthermore, Bifulco (1992) found evidence that children whose mothers died in childhood were more likely to experience depression later in life.This suggests that there is wider academic credibility for the idea of depression being caused by psychological factors. On the other hand, one weakness of Fraud’s expression is that there is contradictory evidence by Cooper et al (1992). Loss probably explains only a relatively small percentage of cases of depression – only about 10% of those w ho experience early loss later become depressed. This produces refuting evidence for depression being caused by psychodynamic explanations. Another weakness of Fraud’s theory is that there are methodological problems.The associated therapy (psychoanalysis) has not proven very effective with treating depression (Comer, 2002). This may be because of the difficulty depressed patients having in communicating during psychoanalysis; this proves that psychoanalysis is not always affective. Finally, Fraud’s theory is psychologically deterministic. The reason for this is because Fraud suggests that depression occurs due to a dominant superego. However, just because an individual’s superego is dominant, doesn’t mean that they will develop depression. This suggests that Freud’s theory does not take into consideration freewill.Another psychological explanation of depression is the cognitive approach. Beck (1967) was struck by the negative thinking shown by dep ressed clients and developed his own explanation. Here, he suggested that depressed is the depression is the result of negative thinking and catastrophising, which he called ‘cognitive errors’, Beck (1991) believes that depression is a disorder of thought, rather than of mood, he maintained that there are three components to depression, which he called the cognitive triad. This consisted of negative and pessimistic thoughts about themselves, the world and their future.In addition to the cognitive triad, Beck believed that depression prone individuals develop negative self-schema. They possess a set of beliefs and expectations about themselves that are essentially negative and pessimistic. He identified this as being routed to an early traumatic childhood event. E. g. Death of a parent or sibling, parental rejection, criticism, overprotection or neglect. It could also be due to bullying. People with negative self schemas become prone to making logical errors in their thi nking and they tend to focus selectively on certain aspects of a situation while ignoring equal relevant information.Beck referred to these errors as ‘cognitive distortations’, including drawing conclusions under the basis of sufficient or irrelevant information. E. g. feeling worthless because the weather disturbed your plans to go to a concert. He called this arbitrary interference. Others include selective abstraction. This is focusing on a single aspect of a situation and ignoring others: E. g. you feel responsible for your team losing a match, even though you are simply one player on the field. Thirdly, is overgeneralisation.This is making a sweeping conclusion on the basis of single event. Others include magnification and minimisation, as well as personalisation. Beck (1983) has modified his theory over the years and he now believes there are two types of negative schema that characterise depression: 1. Sociotropy-This relates to interpersonal relationships, and i ndividuals with this type of negative schema perceive themselves as failing at relationships. Their core belief could be something like, ‘If I am not liked by everyone, I am worthless’ 2.Autonomy-This relates to personal achievement, and individuals with this type of negative schema perceive themselves as failing to achieve work- or study-related goals. Their core belief could be something like, ‘If I am not successful and in control, I am worthless’. Cognitive theories of depression have been extremely influential and have stimulated huge amounts of research that have contributed to our understanding of the disorder and how to treat it. They have given rise to a range of therapies and, on the whole, these seem to have been very helpful for people with depression. Beck’s later idea that ndividual personality differences can predict the type of event that triggers depression could be used to explain some of the different symptoms sub-type. However, it is difficult to determine the next extent to which distorted cognitive patterns cause depression. Numerous studies have shown that depressed people do indeed show more negative thinking than the control groups. However, as yet there is no convincing evidence that such thinking precedes a depressive episode. It seems likely that negative thinking is a consequence of depression and that it might well serve to maintain the disorder rather than explain its origins.One strength of the cognitive approach is that it has practical applications provided by Butler and Beck (2000). They reviewed 14 meta-analyses investigating the effectiveness of Beck’s cognitive therapy and concluded that about 80% of adults benefited from the therapy. It was also found that the therapy was more successful than drug therapy and had a lower relapse rate; supporting the proposition that depression has a cognitive basis. This suggested that knowledge of the cognitive explanation can improve the quality o f people’s lives.A major criticism of the cognitive explanation is that there is contradictory evidence from Lewinsohn (1981). He studied a group of participants before any of them became depressed, and found that those who later become depressed were no more likely to have negative thoughts than those who did not develop depression. This suggests that hopeless and negative thinking may be the result of depression rather than the cause of it. Another criticism is that it is reductionist. It doesn’t regard other factors as responsible for depression, but focuses on the psychological approach to depression.A final weakness is that the psychological explanation of depression is psychologically deterministic. This is because the information suggests that individuals with no social network will become depressed. In reality, this is not always true. If the individual did want a group of friends, then they could get them. This suggests that this explanation does not for freew ill. In conclusion, we have seen two different psychological explanations, one is Fraud’s psychodynamic approach, and the other is the cognitive approach. Both identify depression as underlying from a psychological problem.

The Typical Practices Employed by Chinese Companies in Africa

The Typical Practices Employed by Chinese Companies in Africa Introduction China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. In the last three decades, China experienced a rapid growth in its gross domestic product (GDP). This growth was characterized by a rapid expansion of both domestic and foreign companies in China. The companies focused on serving all market segments in order to increase their revenues. This has led to the saturation of most industries in China.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Typical Practices Employed by Chinese Companies in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, most Chinese companies have had to look for alternative investment destinations. In this regard, Chinese firms have embarked on overseas investments through acquisitions and foreign direct investments (Mobius 2011). Africa is one of the destinations that have benefited from the Chinese companies’ growth plans. Even though the Chinese companies that are operati ng in Africa have contributed to economic growth, their operations have always been associated with malpractices such as poor pay. This paper sheds light on the practices that have been employed by the Chinese companies in Africa. The Practices of Chinese Companies in Africa Chinese companies have always been associated with labor malpractices in Africa. Such malpractices include poor pay, long shifts and physical harassment of employees. Workers in Chinese companies often complain of deplorable work environments and exposure to health hazards. These allegations are likely to be true since most of them are based on empirical research findings. However, the occurrence of these malpractices varies from country to country (Polgreen French 2007). Chinese companies can be found in nearly all African countries. However, complains about labor malpractices or unethical behavior are common in countries with weak governance systems. For example, Zimbabwe is led by a dictatorial regime that h as little regard for its citizens’ welfare. Consequently, the government has never taken any disciplinary action on the Chinese companies. On the country, Chinese companies in stable countries such as Kenya and South Africa have hardly been accused of any unethical behavior. Thus, the unethical behaviors of the Chinese companies can be attributed to poor governance in specific countries in Africa. For instance, corruption is one of the factors that prevent most African countries from taking disciplinary action against Chinese companies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is apparent that not all Chinese companies usually engage in malpractices in Africa. Generally, cases of unethical behavior are common among companies that are operating in labor intensive industries such as the mining sector (Polgreen French 2007). For example, in Zimbabwe the complaints w ere raised against a Chinese construction company. This can be attributed to the fact that workers in this sector lack adequate education. Thus, they often tolerate the Chinese malpractices in order to protect their jobs. Finally, the malpractices can be attributed to the business culture of the Chinese companies. Long shifts are common in China where the Confucianism philosophy encourages hard work. Africa’s Attractiveness to Chinese Companies The factors that have contributed to the increase in the number of Chinese companies in Africa include the following. First, the demand for commodities such as oil, gold and copper is very high in China due to the rapid growth of its economy (Mobius 2011). The rapid growth in the country’s population has also increased the demand for foodstuffs. Africa has adequate land for food production. Additionally, it is rich in various minerals and raw materials. Consequently, Chinese companies are moving to Africa in order to extract min erals and raw materials. Moreover, they are interested in importing agricultural produce from Africa. Nearly 80% of exports from Africa to China are raw materials and agricultural produce. The Chinese government has negotiated trade agreements with over 45 African countries in order to facilitate exportation of commodities from Africa to China. Second, most African leaders have focused on establishing close relationships with the Chinese government. African leaders believe that they can learn important lessons from China in regard to development. The Chinese government has embarked on supporting African states by financing the construction of infrastructure such as roads, ports and railway systems. These facilities are often constructed by the Chinese companies since African firms lack the capacity to construct them. This explains the sharp increase in the number of Chinese construction companies in Africa. Third, positive economic growth in Africa has presented growth opportunities to Chinese companies. Disposable income in Africa has been rising steadily in the last decade. Moreover, the expansion of the manufacturing and agricultural sectors has increased the demand for machines and equipment in Africa. China has been able to produce cheap machines and consumer goods (Etzkowitz 2011, pp. 76-90).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Typical Practices Employed by Chinese Companies in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, most African countries are importing machines and equipment from China. Most Chinese producers are relocating to Africa in order to improve the competitiveness of their products by eliminating exportation costs. Some companies have established retail outlets in Africa in order to maintain full control of their products and services. Fourth, China is interested in investing its foreign reserves in different economies in order to avoid the risks associated with investin g in one economy. The Chinese government has focused on giving credit to African countries at relatively low interest rates. The loans are normally processed by Chinese banks. This has led to an increase in the number of Chinese banks in Africa. Finally, tourism has attracted several Chinese companies to Africa (WTO 2010, pp. 1-51). The African continent has some of the best tourism destinations in the world. However, African firms lack the capital and the technology to serve the tourism industry. The Chinese companies have taken advantage of this situation by increasing their investments in Africa’s tourism industry. For instance, Chinese restaurants can be found in nearly all capital cities in Africa. Moreover, Chinese airlines are operating in nearly all major cities in Africa. Staffing Strategies Ethnocentric Staffing Strategy In this strategy, the holders of key positions in an overseas subsidiary of a multinational corporation are recruited from the company’s par ent country. This means that the managers of the subsidiary will be expatriates. The local citizens, on the other hand, are expected to fill the non-managerial positions. The advantages of this strategy include the following. To begin with, it enables managers to transfer the headquarters’ business culture to overseas subsidiaries in order to prevent cultural conflicts. Managers from the parent country are likely to have a better understanding of the headquarters’ organizational structure than local citizens. In this regard, employing expatriates facilitates implementation of the policies that are formulated by the company’s headquarters. The ethnocentric staffing strategy promotes effective communication between the company’s headquarters and the overseas subsidiaries (Bechet 2008, p. 123). This is because the expatriate managers are likely to have a good command of the language that is used at the headquarters.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, most Chinese companies in Africa employ Chinese managers because most Africans have little knowledge of the languages that are used in China. The ethnocentric staffing strategy is important in economies with inadequate supply of talented or skilled employees. In this case, employing expatriates will enable the company to save the cost of training the locals before employing them. Finally, employing expatriates enables the headquarters to maintain its control of the subsidiaries. Despite its benefits, the ethnocentric staffing strategy has the following disadvantages. To begin with, it limits the career growth opportunities of local managers because the top positions must be filled by expatriates (Bechet 2008, p. 126). This can cause dissatisfaction and a high turnover rate in the company. The strategy also interferes with the private lives of the expatriates. For example, they might be separated from their families for a very long time. Finally, expatriates from the par ent country are often insensitive to the expectations of the host country employees. This can create tensions and high dissatisfaction among employees. Polycentric Staffing Strategy In this strategy, citizens of the host country are employed to manage the overseas subsidiary of a multinational corporation. Expatriates are hardly given the responsibility of managing overseas subsidiaries. The advantages of this approach include the following. First, it helps in eliminating language barriers that normally occur when expatriates are sent to overseas subsidiaries (Bechet 2008, p. 127). Second, employing the nationals of the host country is less expensive as compared to hiring expatriates. Third, it promotes career growth among the nationals of the host country. This helps in enhancing staff commitment and loyalty. The disadvantages of this strategy include the following. First, maintaining effective communication between the headquarters and the subsidiary can be difficult due to langua ge barriers. Second, the headquarters is likely to lose control of the subsidiary if the employees from the host country have weak links with the head-office (Bechet 2008, p. 128). Finally, the polycentric strategy denies the employees the opportunity to gain international experience. Geocentric Staffing Strategy The application of this strategy involves filling key positions by promoting the best performing employees in the organization (Glasgow 2001, p. 45). The employees are promoted regardless of their nationality. The main advantage of this strategy is that it enables the company to create a pool of talented international managers. Its disadvantages include the following. To begin with, implementing the strategy can be difficult because the labor laws in the host country might require the company to hire the locals. It is also associated with high training and relocation costs. Region-centric Strategy In this strategy, employees are transferred to subsidiaries in a different co untry, but within the same region. The main advantage of this strategy is that it enables managers to compete for positions at the regional level. This promotes high productivity (Glasgow 2001, p. 46). However, it can be difficult to implement due to the high relocation costs that are associated with it. Diversity Management Approaches Diversity management initiatives facilitate cohesion in a multicultural workforce (Forbes 2012). However, most Chinese corporations that are operating in the African market do not consider diversity management as an important organizational function. Thus, most of them do not have a diversity management plan or strategy. The diversity management programs in most Chinese companies focus on conflict resolution. The companies normally establish conflict resolution committees whose members are drawn from various departments. These committees are responsible for handling any conflicts that might arise between the African employees and their Chinese counter parts. Recruiting African workers is one of the methods that the companies are using to promote diversity. They usually allocate a specific number of positions to Africans. The remaining positions are reserved for Chinese workers. Moreover, senior management positions are usually reserved for Chinese expatriates. In most cases, Chinese companies hire Africans in order to comply with labor laws rather than promoting diversity (Cooke Saini 2012, pp. 16-32). Generally, language barrier is the main factor that prevents Chinese companies from implementing diversity programs. In a nutshell, Africans and Chinese can not communicate easily since they hardly speak the same language. Hence, the Chinese companies prefer to employ their nationals. In some companies, diversity training programs are used to teach a common language that can be used by everyone in the company. Companies with effective diversity programs focus on succession planning. In this case, Africans who are expected to succe ed Chinese nationals are usually trained before they assume their positions. The trainings usually focus on the Chinese business culture and the language that is used in the company’s headquarters. Culture Shock The Chinese business culture is significantly different from that in Africa. Some of the distinctions between the two cultures and their effects on Chinese employees include the following. First, Africans focus on achieving organizational goals in the short term. The Chinese, on the other hand, focus on achieving the goals in the long term. The effect of this difference is that the Chinese employees often disagree with their African counterparts on the goals that should be achieved and the methods that must be used to achieve them. Second, Africans believe in a professional management system in which recruitments are based on qualifications (Cooke Saini 2012, pp. 16-32). The Chinese, on the other hand, believe that senior managers must be hired from the family that o wns the business. In this case, Chinese employees tend to disregard human resource policies that advocate for equal employment opportunity. Finally, most Africans are able to speak international languages such as English. However, most Chinese can not speak in English. In most African countries, English is the official language that is used to conduct business. Consequently, most Chinese workers find it difficult to give instructions or to understand feedbacks from African workers. Conclusion Chinese companies are joining the African market in order to increase their revenues. The factors that are attracting Chinese companies to Africa include availability of raw materials such as minerals and oil. Africa has a high demand for Chinese machines which are often cheap and easy to use. Additionally, the demand for consumer goods in Africa is always increasing. These factors make Africa an ideal investment destination for the Chinese companies. Even though Chinese companies have contribu ted to economic growth in Africa, they have also been accused of engaging in unethical business practices (Polgreen French 2007). Poor governance in Africa is one of the factors that encourage Chinese companies to engage in malpractices. Most Chinese companies use the ethnocentric staffing strategy. Consequently, they lack effective diversity management programs. References Bechet, T 2008, Strategic Staffing, McGraw-Hill, New York. Cooke, L Saini, D 2012, ‘Managing Diversity in Chinese and Indian Organizations’, Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management, vol. 3 no. 1, pp. 16-32. Etzkowitz, H 2012, ‘The Triple Helix: Science, Technology and the Entrepreneurial Spirit’, Journal of Knowledge-Based Innovation in China, vol. 3 no. 2, pp. 76-90. Forbes 2012, Global Diversity and Inclusion. Web. Glasgow, K 2001, A Strategic Model of Temporary Staffing, McGraw-Hill, New York. Mobius 2011, China’s Growing Presence in Africa. Web. Polgreen, L French, H 2 007, China’s Trade in Africa Carries a Price Tag. Web. WTO 2010, Study on Chinese Outbound Travel to Africa. Web.